Computer Related

Type of site   :      Social networking service
Language(s)  :      Multilingual (70)
Users            :      901 million (active April 2012)
Owner          :     Facebook, Inc.
Launched      :     February 4, 2004
Created by    :      Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.
______________________________________________




Type            :        Subsidiary of Google, Limited Liability Company
Type of site   :       Video hosting service
Founded       :        February 14, 2005
Founder(s)   :        Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, Jawed Karim
Parent           :        Independent (2005–2006) Google (2006–present)
Language      : 54
Launched      : February 14, 2005
______________________________________________
Type of site :         Web application (E-mail, Webmail)
Language(s) :        36 languages
Users           :         369 million (March 29, 2011)
Owner         :         Microsoft
Launched     :       July 4, 1996; 15 years ago
Created by   :         Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith
_______________________________________________


Type of site :         Web application (e-mail, webmail)
Language(s) :         54 languages
Users           :         350 million (January 2012)
Owner         :         Google
Launched     :         April 1, 2004; 8 years ago
Created by   :         Paul Buchheit
_____________________________________________

Type of site :         Public
Founder(s)   :         Jerry Yang, David Filo
Headquarters:        Sunnyvale, California, U.S.
Area served :         Worldwide
Revenue      :         decrease US$ 4.98 billion (2011)
Income        :         increase US$ 800 million (2011)
Net income  :        decrease US$ 1.04 billion (2011)
Total assets :         decrease US$ 14.78 billion (2011)
Total equity :        decrease US$ 12.53 billion (2011)
Employees   :         12,000 (May 2012)
Launched at :      Santa Clara, California, U.S. (March 1, 1995)
___________________________________________
Developer(s)          :  Microsoft
Written in               :  C++
Operating system   :  Microsoft Windows
Languages              :  Available in  Over 35
Type                       :   Office suite
Initial release         :   November 19, 1990; 21 years ago

Developer(s)          :         Microsoft
Operating system   :         Mac OS X
Type                     :         Office suite
Initial release          :         August 1, 1989; 22 years ago

Windows OFFICE Versions

Release date
Title/version
Contents
Notes
November 19, 1990
Office 1.0
Word 1.1, Excel 2.0, PowerPoint 2.0

March 4, 1991
Office 1.5
Word 1.1, Excel 3.0, PowerPoint 2.0

July 8, 1991
Office 1.6
Word 1.1, Excel 3.0, PowerPoint 2.0, Mail 2.1

August 30, 1992
Office 3.0
CD-ROM version: Word 2.0c, Excel 4.0a, PowerPoint 3.0, Mail
Later rebranded as Office 92
January 17, 1994
Office 4.0
Word 6.0, Excel 4.0, PowerPoint 3.0.

June 2, 1994
Office 4.3
Word 6.0, Excel 5.0, PowerPoint 4.0, Mail 3.2 and in the Pro version, Access 2.0.
This is the last 16-bit version. This is also the last version to support Windows 3.x, Windows NT 3.1 and Windows NT 3.5 (Windows NT 3.51 was supported up to and including Office 97).
July 3, 1994
Office for NT 4.2
Word 6.0 and Excel 5.0 (both 32-bit, i386, MIPS, PowerPC, and Alpha), PowerPoint 4.0 (16-bit), "Microsoft Office Manager".

August 30, 1995
Office 95(7.0)
Word 7 for Windows 95, etc.
Coincided with the Windows 95 operating system release. Works only on Windows 95, NT 3.51 or higher. This is the first Office version to have the same version number (7.0, inherited from Word 6.0) for all major component products (Word, Excel and so on).
December 30, 1996
Office 97(8.0)
Word 97, etc.
Was published on CD-ROM as well as on a set of 45 3½-inch floppy disks), became Y2K safe with Service Release 2. Last version to support Windows NT 3.51 on i386 and Alpha.
June 20, 1998
Office 97 Powered by Word 98 (8.5)
The only way to get Word 98.
Was released only in Japanese and Korean editions. First version to contain Outlook 98 in all editions and Publisher 98 in the Small Business Edition. And also the first version of Office 97 to support Windows 98.
January 27, 1999
Office 2000(9.0)
Word 2000, etc.
Last version to support Windows 95. Office 2000 is also the last version which does not include Product Activationand is not covered by Office Genuine Advantage, although on individual installs, the Office Update website still required the presence of original install media for updates to install.
May 31, 2001
Office XP(10.0)
Word 2002, etc.
Last version to support Windows 98/Me/NT 4.0. Improved support for working in restricted accounts under Windows 2000/XP.
November 17, 2003
Office 2003(11.0)
Word 2003, etc.
First version to introduce Windows XP style icons. Last version to support Windows 2000.
January 30, 2007
Office 2007(12.0)
Word 2007, etc.
Broadly released alongside Windows Vista.
June 15, 2010[10]
Office 2010(14.0)

There will be no Microsoft Office 13 due to superstition. This is the first version to ship in 32- and 64-bits.[11]

Mac OFFICE Versions

Package Name
Applications and comments
Release Date
Office 1
Word 3, etc.
August 1,1989
Office 2
Word 4, etc.
1992
Office 3
Word 5, Excel 4, PowerPoint 3, etc.
1993
Office 4.2
Word 6, Excel 5, PowerPoint 4, etc.
1994
Office 4.2.1
Word 6, Excel 5, PowerPoint 4, etc. (first release designed for the PPC, final release for 68K)
1994
Office 98(8.0)
Word/Excel/PowerPoint 98
March 15, 1998
Office 2001(9.0)
Word/Excel/PowerPoint and Entourage 2001 (final release for Mac OS 9, latest update 9.0.6[1])
October 11, 2000
Office v. X (10.0)
Word/Excel/PowerPoint/Entourage X (first release for Mac OS X, latest update 10.1.9[2])
November 19, 2001
Office 2004(11.0)
Word/Excel/PowerPoint/Entourage 2004 (latest update 11.6.4[3])
February 12, 2004
Office 2008(12.0)
Word/Excel/PowerPoint/Entourage 2008 (the first release that runs natively on both PPC and Intel without the use of the Rosetta emulation layer, latest update 12.3.0[4])
January 15, 2008
Office 2011(14.0)
Word/Excel/PowerPoint/Outlook 2011 (first release for Intel only, latest update 14.1.2[5])
October 26, 2010





Year
Event

See the codename definition for a listing of Microsoft codenames.
1983
Bill Gates announces Microsoft Windows November 10, 1983.
1985
Microsoft Windows 1.0 is introduced in November 20, 1985 and is initially sold for $100.00.
1987
Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released December 9, 1987 and is initially sold for $100.00.
1987
Microsoft Windows/386 or Windows 386 is introduced December 9, 1987 and is initially sold for $100.00.
1988
Microsoft Windows/286 or Windows 286 is introduced June, 1988 and is initially sold for $100.00.
1990
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released May, 22 1990. Microsoft Windows 3.0 full version was priced at $149.95 and the upgrade version was priced at $79.95.
1991
Following its decision not to develop operating systems cooperatively with IBM, Microsoft changes the name of OS/2to Windows NT.
1991
Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was released October, 1991.
1992
Microsoft Windows 3.1 was released April, 1992 and sells more than 1 Million copies within the first two months of its release.
1992
Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.1 was released October, 1992.
1993
Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released July 27, 1993.
1993
Microsoft Windows 3.11, an update to Windows 3.1 is released December 31, 1993.
1993
The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows now totals more than 25 Million.
1994
Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was released February, 1994.
1994
Microsoft Windows NT 3.5 was released September 21, 1994.
1995
Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995.
1995
Microsoft Windows 95 was released August 24, 1995 and sells more than 1 Million copies within 4 days.
1995
Microsoft Windows 95 Service Pack 1 (4.00.950A) is released February 14, 1996.
1996
Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996.
1996
Microsoft Windows 95 (4.00.950B) aka OSR2 with FAT32 andMMX support is released August 24, 1996.
1996
Microsoft Windows CE 1.0 was released November, 1996.
1997
Microsoft Windows CE 2.0 was released November, 1997.
1997
Microsoft Windows 95 (4.00.950C) aka OSR2.5 is released November 26, 1997.
1998
Microsoft Windows 98 was released June, 1998.
1998
Microsoft Windows CE 2.1 was released July, 1998.
1998
In October of 1998 Microsoft announced that future releases of Windows NT would no longer have the initials of NT and that the next edition would be Windows 2000.
1999
Microsoft Windows 98 SE (Second Edition) was released May 5, 1999.
1999
Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 was released 1999.
2000
On January 4th at CES Bill Gates announces the new version of Windows CE will be called Pocket PC.
2000
Microsoft Windows 2000 was released February 17, 2000.
2000
Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium) released June 19, 2000.
2001
Microsoft Windows XP is released October 25, 2001.
2001
Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2002) for Itanium systems is released March 28, 2003.
2003
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is released March 28, 2003.
2003
Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2003) for Itanium 2 systems is released on March 28, 2003.
2003
Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 is released on December 18, 2003.
2004
Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 is released on October 12, 2004.
2005
Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is released on April 24, 2005.
2005
Microsoft announces it's next operating system, codenamed "Longhorn" will be named Windows Vista on July 23, 2005.
2006
Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista to corporations on November 30, 2006.
2007
Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007 to the general public January 30, 2007.
2009
Microsoft releases Windows 7 October 22, 2009.



INTERNET HISTORY

YearEvent
1960AT&T introduces the dataphone and the first known MODEM.
1961Leonard Kleinrock publishes his first paper entitled "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets" is published May 31, 1961.
1962Leonard Kleinrock releases his paper talking aboutpacketization.
1962Paul Baran suggests transmission of data using fixed size message blocks.
1962J.C.R. Licklider becomes the first Director of IPTO and gives his vision of a galactic network.
1964Baran publishes reports "On Distributed Communications."
1964Leonard Kleinrock publishes his first book on packet nets entitled Communication Nets: Stochastic Message Flow and Design.
1965Lawrence G. Roberts with MIT performs the first long distantdial-up connection between a TX-2 computer in Massachusetts and Tom Marill with a Q-32 at SDC in California.
1965Donald Davies coins the word "Packet."
1966Lawrence G. Roberts and Tom Marill publish a paper about their earlier success at connecting over dial-up.
1966Robert Taylor joins ARPA and brings Larry Roberts there to develop ARPANET.
1967Donald Davies creates 1-node NPL packet net.
1967Wes Clark suggests use of a minicomputer for network packet switch.
1968Doug Englebart publicly demonstrates Hypertext on December 9, 1968.
1968The first Network Working Group (NWG) meeting is held.
1968Larry Roberts publishes ARPANET program plan on June 3, 1968.
1968First RFP for a network goes out.
1968UCLA is selected to be the first node on the Internet as we know it today and serve as the Network Msmnt Center.
1969Steve Crocker releases RFC #1 on April 7, 1979 introducing the Host-to-Host and talking about the IMP software.
1969UCLA puts out a press release introducing the public to theInternet on July 3, 1969.
1969On August 29, 1969 the first network switch and the first piece of network equipment (called "IMP", which is short for Interface Message Processor) is sent to UCLA.
1969On September 2, 1969 the first data moves from UCLA host to the IMP switch.
1969CompuServe, the first commercial online service, is established.
1970Steve Crocker and UCLA team releases NCP.
1971Ray Tomlinson sends the first e-mail, the first messaging system to send messages across a network to other users.
1972First public demo of ARPANET.
1972Norm Abramson' Alohanet connected to ARPANET: packet radio nets.
1973Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn design TCP during 1973 and later publish it with the help of Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine in December of 1974 in RFC 675.
1973ARPA deploys SATNET the first international connection.
1973Robert Metcalfe creates the Ethernet at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
1973The first VoIP call is made.
1974A commercial version of ARPANET known as Telenet is introduced and considered by many to be the first Internet Service Provider (ISP).
1978TCP splits into TCP/IP driven by Danny Cohen, David Reed, and John Shoch to support real-time traffic. This allows the creation of UDP.
1978John Shoch and Jon Hupp at Xerox PARC develop the firstworm.
1981BITNET is founded.
1983ARPANET standardizes TCP/IP.
1984Paul Mockapetris and Jon Postel introduce DNS.
1986Eric Thomas develops the first Listserv.
1986NSFNET is created.
1986BITNET II is created.
1988First T-1 backbone is added to ARPANET.
1988Bitnet and CSNET merge to create CREN.
1990ARPANET replaced by NSFNET.
1990The first search engine Archie, written by Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and Mike Parker at McGill University in Montreal Canada is released on September 10, 1990
1991Tim Berners-Lee introduces WWW to the public on August 6, 1991.
1991NSF opens the Internet to commercial use.
1992Internet Society formed.
1992NSFNET upgraded to T-3 backbone.
1993The NCSA releases the Mosaic browser.
1994Netscape (Mosaic Communications corporation) is found by Marc Andreesen and James H. Clark April 4, 1994.
1994Mosaic Netscape 0.9, the first Netscape browser is officially released October 13, 1994. This browser also introduces the Internet to Cookies.
1994WXYC (89.3 FM Chapel Hill, NC USA) becomes first traditional radio station to announce broadcasting on the Internet November 7, 1994.
1994Tim Berners-Lee establishes and heads the W3C in October 1994.
1995The dot-com boom starts.
1995The SSL protocol is developed and introduced by Netscape in February 1995.
1995On April 1, 1995 the Opera browser is released.
1995The first VoIP software (Vocaltec) is released allowing end users to make voice calls over the Internet.
1995On August 16, 1995 Microsoft introduces and releasesMicrosoft Internet Explorer.
1995On November 24, 1995 HTML 2.0 is introduced in RFC 1866.
1995On December 4, 1995 Sun Microsystems announced JavaScriptand first releases it in Netscape 2.0B3. In the same year they also introduced Java.
1996Telecom Act deregulates data networks.
1996Now known as Adobe Flash, Macromedia Flash is introduced in 1996.
1996The first CSS specification, CSS 1, is published by the W3C in December 1996.
1996More e-mail is sent than postal mail in USA.
1996CREN ended its support and since then the network has cease to exist.
1997Internet2 consortium is established.
1997IEEE releases 802.11 (WiFi) standard.
1998Internet weblogs begin to appear.
1998XML becomes a W3C recommendation February 10, 1998.
1999Napster starts sharing files in September of 1999.
1999On December 1, 1999 the most expensive Internet domainname business.com was sold by Marc Ostrofsky for $7.5 Million The domain was later sold on July 26, 2007 again to R.H. Donnelley for $345 Million USD.
2000The dot-com bubble starts to burst.
2003January 7, 2003 CREN's members decided to dissolve the organization.
2003On June 30, 2003 the Safari browser is released.
2004On November 9, 2004 Mozilla releases the Mozilla Firefoxbrowser.
2008On December 11, 2008 the Google Chrome.


Unix, Linux, and Variant History
YearEvent
1957Bell Labs found they needed an operating system for their computer center that at the time was running various batch jobs. The BESYS operating system was created at Bell Labs to deal with these needs.
1965Bell Labs was adopting third generation computer equipment and decided to join forces with General Electric and MIT to create Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service).
1969By April 1969, AT&T made a decision to withdraw Multics and go with GECOS. When Multics was withdrawn Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie needed to rewrite an operating system in order to play space travel on another smaller machine (a DEC PDP-7 [Programmed Data Processor 4K memory for user programs). The result was a system that a punning colleague called UNICS (UNiplexed Information and Computing Service)--an 'emasculated Multics'.
1969Summer 1969 Unix was developed.
1969Linus Torvalds is born.
1971First edition of Unix released 11/03/1971. The first edition of the "Unix PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL [by] K. Thompson [and] D. M. Ritchie." It includes over 60 commands like: b (compile B program); boot (reboot system); cat (concatenate files);chdir (change working directory); chmod (change access mode); chown (change owner); cp (copy file); ls (list directory contents); mv (move or rename file); roff (run off text); wc (get word count); who (who is one the system). The main thing missing was pipes.
1972Second edition of Unix released December 06, 1972.
1972Ritchie rewrote B and called the new language C.
1973Unix had been installed on 16 sites (all within AT&T/Western Electric); it was publically unveiled at a conference in October.
1973Third edition of Unix released February 1973
1973Forth edition of Unix released November 1973
1974Fifth edition of Unix released June 1974
1974Thompson went to UC Berkeley to teach for a year, Bill Joy arrived as a new graduate student. Frustrated with ed, Joy developed a more featured editor em.
1975Sixth edition of Unix released May 1975
1975Bourne shell is introduced begins being added onto.
19771BSD released late 1977
19782BSD released mid 1978
1979Seventh edition of Unix released January 1979
19793BSD released late 1979
1979SCO founded by Doug and Larry Michels as Unix porting and consulting company.
19804.0BSD released October 1980
1982SGI introduces IRIX.
1983SCO delivers its first packaged Unix system called SCO XENIX System V for Intel 8086 and 8088 processor-based PCs.
1983The GNU operating system is first announced by Richard Stallman September 27, 1983.
1984Ultrix 1.0 was released.
1985Eighth edition of Unix released February 1985
1985The GNU manifesto is published in the March 1985 issue of Dr. Dobb's Journal. The GNU project starts a year and a half later.
1986HP-UX 1.0 released.
1986Ninth edition of Unix released September 1986
1987Sun and AT&T lay the groundwork for business computing in the next decade with an alliance to develop Unix System V Release 4.
1988HP-UX 2.0 released.
1988HP-UX 3.0 released.
1989SCO ships SCO Unix System V/386, the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the Unix System trademark.
1989HP-UX 7.0 released.
1989Tenth edition of Unix released October 1989
1990AIX short for Advanced Interactive eXecutive was first entered into the market by IBM February 1990.
1991Sun unveils Solaris 2 operating environment, specially tuned for symetric multiprocessing.
1991Linux is introduced by Linus Torvalds, a student in Finland.
1991HP-UX 8.0 released.
1991BSD/386 ALPHA First code released to people outside BSDI 12/xx/1991
1992HP-UX 9.0 released.
1993NetBSD 0.8 released 04/20/1993
1993FreeBSD 1.0 released December of 1993
1994Red Hat Linux is introduced.
1994Caldera, Inc was founded in 1994 by Ransom Love and Bryan Sparks.
1994NetBSD 1.0 released 10/26/1994
1995FreeBSD 2.0 released 01/xx/1995
1995SCO acquires Unix Systems source technology business fromNovell Corporation (which had acquired it from AT&T's Unix System Laboratories). SCO also acquires UnixWare 2 operating system from Novell.
1995HP-UX 10.0 released.
19954.4 BSD Lite Release 2 the true final distribution from the CSRG 06/xx/1995
1996KDE is started to be developed by Matthias Ettrich
1997HP-UX 11.0 released.
1997Caldera ships OpenLinux Standard 1.1 May 5, 1997, the second offering in Caldera's OpenLinux product line
1998IRIX 6.5 the fifth generation of SGI Unix is released July 6, 1998.
1998SCO delivers UnixWare 7 operating system.
1998Sun Solaris 7 operating system released.
1998FreeBSD 3.0 released 10/16/1998
2000FreeBSD 4.0 released 03/13/2000
2000Caldera Systems Inc. announces that Caldera Systems has entered into agreement to acquire the SCO Server Software Division and the Professional Services Division.
2001Linus Torvalds releases version 2.4 of the Linux Kernel source code on January 4th.
2001Microsoft files a trademark suit against Lindows.com in December.
2004Lindows changes it's name to Linspire April 14, 2004.
2004The first release of Ubuntu is released October 20, 2004.

Hard Disk History

YearEvent
1890Herman Hollerith developed a method for machines to to record and store information onto punch cards to be used for the US census. He later formed the company we know as IBMtoday.
1946Freddie Williams applies for a patent on his cathode-ray tube (CRT) storing device in December. The device that later became known as the Williams tube is capable of storing between 512 and 1024 bits of data.
1946The Selectron tube capable of storing 256 bits of information begins development.
1950Before using disks, storage units used magnetic drums referred to as drum machines or drum-memory computers. The first commercial drum machine was developed by the Engineering Research Associates of Minneapolis and used by the U.S. Navy ERA 110. Drum machines were used throughout the early '50s.
1956On September 13, 1956 the IBM 305 RAMAC is the first computer to be shipped with a hard disk drive that contained 50 24-inch platters and was capable of storing 5 million characters and weighed a ton.
1959Chucking Grinder Co. begins working on disk drives.
1961Chucking Grinder Co. moves to Walled Lake Michigan and becomes Bryant Computer Products, a subsidiary of Ex-Cello Corp.
1961IBM introduces the IBM 1301 disk storage unit June 2, 1961, capable of storing 28 million characters
1962On October 11, 1962 IBM introduced the IBM 1311 disk storage drive, which stored
1973IBM ships the 3340 Winchester hard disk drive with two spindles and a capacity of 30MB. This drive was the first drive to utilize the Winchester technology.
1980Seagate introduces the ST506 hard disk drive, the first hard disk drive developed for microcomputers
1980The first Gigabyte hard disk drive is introduced by IBM and weighed 550lbs with a price of $44,000.
1986The original SCSI, SCSI-1 is developed.
1990SCSI-2  is approved.
1996SCSI-3 is approved.
2002Hitachi closes deal to purchase IBM's hard disk drive operation for $2.05 billion on December 31, 2002.




 Processor History
YearEvent
1823Baron Jons Jackob Berzelius silicon (Si), which today is the basic component of processors.
1903Nikola Tesla patents electrical logic circuits called "gates" or "switches".
1947John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invent the first transistor at the Bell Laboratories on December 23, 1947.
1948John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley patent the first transistor.
1956John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley are awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for their work on the transistor.
1958The first integrated circuit is first developed by Robert Noyceof Fairchild Semiconductor and Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments. The first IC was demonstrated on September 12, 1958.
1960IBM develops the first automatic mass-production facility for transistors in New York.
1968Intel Corporation is founded by Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore.
1969Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) is founded on May 1, 1969.
1971Intel with the help of Ted Hoff introduces the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 on November 15, 1971. The 4004 had 2,300 transistors, performed 60,000 operations per second (OPS), addressed 640 bytes of memory, and cost $200.00.
1972Intel introduces the 8008 processor on April 1, 1972.
1974Intel's improved microprocessor chip is introduced April 1, 1974, the 8080 becomes a standard in the computer industry.
1976Intel introduces the 8085 processor on March 1976.
1976The Intel 8086 is introduced June 8, 1976.
1979The Intel 8088 is released on June 1, 1979.
1979The Motorola 6800, an 8-bit processor is released and is later chosen as the processor for the Apple Macintosh.
1982The Intel 80286 is introduced February 1, 1982.
1985Intel introduces the first 80386 in October 1985.
1987The SPARC processor is first introduced by Sun.
1988Intel 80386SX is introduced.
1991AMD introduces the AM386 microprocessor family in March.
1991Intel introduces the Intel 486SX chip in April in efforts to help bring a lower-cost processor to the PC market selling for $258.00.
1992Intel releases the 486DX2 chip March 2 with a clock doubling ability that generates higher operating speeds.
1993Intel releases the Pentium Processor on March 22 1993. The processor is a 60 MHz processor, incorporates 3.1 million transistors and sells for $878.00.
1994Intel releases the second generation of Intel Pentiumprocessors on March 7, 1994.
1995Intel introduces the Intel Pentium Pro in November.
1996Intel announces the availability of the Pentium 150 MHz with 60MHz bus and 166 MHz with 66 MHz bus on January 4th.
1997Intel Pentium II is introduced on May 7, 1997.
1999Intel releases the Celeron 366 MHz and 400 MHz processors on January 4th.
1999The Intel Pentium III 500 MHz is released on February 26, 1999.
1999The Intel Pentium III 550 MHz is released on May 17, 1999.
1999The Intel Pentium III 600 MHz is released on August 2, 1999.
1999The Intel Pentium III 533B and 600B MHz is released on September 27, 1999.
1999The Intel Pentium III Coppermine series is first introduced on October 25, 1999.
2000On January 5 AMD releases the 800 MHz Athlon processor.
2000Intel releases the Celeron 533 MHz with a 66 MHz bus processor on January 4th.
2000Intel announces on August 28th that it will recall its 1.3 GHz Pentium III processors due to a glitch. Users with these processors should contact their vendors for additional information about the recall.
2001On January 3 Intel releases the 800 MHz Celeron processor with a 100 MHz bus.
2001On January 3 Intel releases the 1.3 GHz Pentium 4 processor.
2001On October 9, 2001 AMD announces a new branding scheme. Instead of identifying processors by their clock speed the AMD XP will bear monikers of 1800+, 1700+, 1600+ and 1500+, with each lower model number representing a lower clock speed.
2002Intel releases the Celeron 1.3 GHz with a 100 MHz bus and 256 kB of level 2 cache.
2003Intel Pentium M is introduced in March.
2006Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E6320 (4M Cache, 1.86 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) April 22, 2006.
2006Intel introduces the Intel Core 2 Duo processors with the Core2 Duo Processor E6300 (2M Cache, 1.86 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) July 27, 2006.
2007Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E4300 (2M Cache, 1.80 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) January 21, 2007.
2007Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E4400 (2M Cache, 2.00 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) April 22, 2007.
2007Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E4500 (2M Cache, 2.20 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) July 22, 2007.
2007Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E4500 (2M Cache, 2.20 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) July 22, 2007.
2007Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E4600 (2M Cache, 2.40 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) October 21, 2007.
2008Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E4700 (2M Cache, 2.60 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) March 2, 2008.
2008Intel releases the the Core 2 Duo E7200 (3M Cache, 2.53 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on April 20, 2008.
2008Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E7300 (3M Cache, 2.66 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) August 10, 2008.
2008Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E7400 (3M Cache, 2.80 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) October 19, 2008.
2009Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E7500 (3M Cache, 2.93 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) January 18, 2009
2009Intel releases the Core2 Duo Processor E7600 (3M Cache, 3.06 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) May 31, 2009

APPLE OS History

YearEvent
1978In June of 1978 Apple introduces Apple DOS 3.1, the first operating system for the Apple computers.
1984Apple introduces System 1.
1985Apple introduces System 2.
1986Apple introduces System 3.
1987Apple introduces System 4.
1988Apple introduces System 6.
1991Apple introduces System 7 operating system May 13, 1991.
1995Apple allows other computer companies to clone its computer by announcing its licensed the Macintosh operating system rights to Radius on January 4.
1997Apple introduces Mac OS 8.
1997Apple buys NeXT Software Inc. for $400 million and acquires Steve Jobs, Apples cofounder, as a consultant.
1999Apple introduces Mac OS 9.
2001Apple introduces Mac OS X 10.0 code named Cheetah and becomes available March 24, 2001.
2001Apple introduces Mac OS X 10.1 code named Puma and becomes available on September 25, 2001.
2002Apple introduces Mac OS X 10.2 code named Jaguar and becomes available on August 23, 2002.
2003Apple introduces Mac OS X 10.3 code named Panther October 25, 2003.
2004Apple introduces Mac OS X 10.4 code named Tiger at the WWDC on June 28, 2004.
2007Apple introduces Mac OS X 10.5 code named Leopard October 26, 2007.
2008Apple introduces Mac OS X 10.6 code named Snow Leopard and MobileMe at the WWDC on June 9, 2008.

Microsoft DOS History
YearEvent
1981Microsoft buys the rights for QDOS from Seattle Computer Products (SCP) for $25,000 on July 27, 1981.
1981MS-DOS 1.0 was released August, 1981.
1982MS-DOS 1.25 was released August, 1982.
1983MS-DOS 2.0 was released March, 1983.
1984Microsoft introduces MS-DOS 3.0 for the IBM PC AT and MS-DOS 3.1 for networks.
1986MS-DOS 3.2 was released April, 1986.
1987MS-DOS 3.3 was released April, 1987.
1988MS-DOS 4.0 was released July, 1988.
1988MS-DOS 4.01 was released November, 1988.
1991MS-DOS 5.0 was released June, 1991.
1993MS-DOS 6.0 was released August, 1993.
1993MS-DOS 6.2 was released November, 1993
1994MS-DOS 6.21 was released March, 1994
1994MS-DOS 6.22 was released April, 1994


First Computer Invented?

There is no easy answer to this question because of all the different classifications of computers. Therefore, this document has been created with a listing of each of the first computers starting with the first automatic computing engines leading up to the computers of today. Keep in mind that early inventions such as the abacus,calculators, and tablet machines are not accounted for in this document.

First mechanical computer or automatic computing engine concept
In 1822, Charles Babbage purposed and began developing the Difference Engine, considered to be the first automatic computing engine that was capable of computing several sets of numbers and making a hard copies of the results. Unfortunately, because of funding he was never able to complete a full-scale functional version of this machine. In June of 1991, the London Science Museum completed the Difference Engine No 2 for the bicentennial year of Babbage's birth and later completed the printing mechanism in 2000.
Analytical EngineLater, in 1837 Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine. The Analytical Engine contained anArithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow control, and integrated memoryand is the first general-purpose computer concept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues this computer was also never built while Charles Babbage's was alive. In 1910, Henry Babbage, Charles Babbage's youngest son was able to complete a portion of this machine and was able to perform basic calculations.
First programmable computer
The Z1, originally created by Germany's Konrad Zusein his parents living room in 1936 to 1938 is considered to be the first electro-mechanical binary programmable (modern) computer and really the first functional computer.
The first electric programmable computer
The Colossus was the first electric programmable computer and was developed by Tommy Flowers and first demonstrated in December 1943. The Colossus was created to help the British code breakers read encrypted German messages.
The first digital computer
Short for Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the ABCstarted being developed by Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Cliff Berry in 1937and continued to be developed until 1942 at the Iowa State College (now Iowa State University). The ABC was an electrical computer that used vacuum tubes for digital computation including binary math and Boolean logic and had no CPU. On October 19,1973, the US Federal Judge Earl R. Larson signed his decision that the ENIAC patent by Eckert and Mauchly was invalid and named Atanasoff the inventor of the electronic digital computer.
ENIACThe ENIAC was invented by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania and began construction in1943 and was not completed until 1946. It occupied about 1,800 square feet and used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighing almost 50 tons. Although the Judge ruled that the ABC computer was the first digital computer, many still consider the ENIAC to be the first digital computer because it was fully functional.
The first stored program computer
The early British computer known as the EDSAC is considered to be the first stored program electronic computer. The computer performed its first calculation on May 6, 1949 and was the computer that ran the first graphical computer game, nicknamed "Baby".
The first computer company
The first computer company was the Electronic Controls Company and was founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the same individuals who helped create the ENIAC computer. The company was later renamed to EMCC or Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and released a series of mainframe computers under the UNIVAC name.
First stored program computer
First delivered to the United States Government in1950, the UNIVAC 1101 or ERA 1101 is considered to be the first computer that was capable of storing and running a program from memory.
First commercial computer
In 1942, Konrad Zuse begin working on the Z4, which later became the first commercial computer after being sold to Eduard Stiefel a mathematician of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich on July 12, 1950.
The first PC (IBM compatible) computer
On April 7, 1953 IBM publicly introduced the 701, its first electric computer and first mass produced computer. Later IBM introduced its first personal computer called the IBM PC in 1981. The computer was code named and still sometimes referred to as the Acorn and had a 8088 processor, 16 KB of memory, which was expandable to 256 and utilizingMS-DOS.
The first computer with RAM
 MIT introduces the Whirlwind machine on March 8,1955, a revolutionary computer that was the first digital computer with magnetic core RAM and real-time graphics.
TransistorsThe first transistor computer
The TX-O (Transistorized Experimental computer) is the first transistorizedcomputer to be demonstrated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956.
The first minicomputer
In 1960, Digital Equipment Corporation released its first of many PDP computers the PDP-1.
The first mass-market PC
In 1968, Hewlett Packard began marketing the first mass-marketed PC, the HP 9100A.
The first workstation
Although it was never sold, the first workstation is considered to be the Xerox Alto, introduced in 1974. The computer was revolutionary for its time and included a fully functional computer, display, andmouse. The computer operated like many computers today utilizing windows, menus and icons as an interface to its operating system.
The first microprocessor
Intel introduces the first microprocessor, the Intel4004 on November 15, 1971.
The first personal computer
In 1975, Ed Roberts coined the term "personal computer" when he introduced the Altair 8800. Although the first personal computer is considered by many to be the Kenback-1, which was first introduced for $750 in 1971. The computer relied on a series of switches for inputting data and output data by turning on and off a series of lights.
The Micral is considered the be the first commercial non-assembly computer. The computer used the Intel 8008 processor and sold for $1,750 in 1973.
The first laptop or portable computer
IBM 5100The IBM 5100 is the first portable computer, which was released on September 1975. The computer weighed 55 pounds and had a five inch CRT display, tape drive, 1.9MHz PALM processor, and 64KB of RAM. In the picture to the right, is an ad of the IBM 5100 taken from a November 1975 issue of Scientific America.
The first truly portable computer or laptop is considered to be the Osborne I, which was released on April 1981 and developed by Adam Osborne. The Osborne I was developed by Adam Osborne and weighed 24.5 pounds, had a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, two 5 1/4" floppy drives, ran the CP/M 2.2 operating system, included a modem, and cost US$179.
The IBM PC Division (PCD) later released the IBM portable in 1984, it's first portable computer that weighed in at 30 pounds. Later in 1986, IBM PCD announced it's first laptop computer, the PC Convertible, weighing 12 pounds. Finally, in 1994, IBM introduced the IBM ThinkPad 775CD, the first notebook with an integrated CD-ROM.
The first Apple computer
Steve Wozniak designed the first Apple known as theApple I computer in 1976.
The first PC clone
The Compaq Portable is considered to be the firstPC clone and was release in March 1983 by Compaq. The Compaq Portable was 100% compatible with IBM computers and was capable of running any software developed for IBM computers.
The first multimedia computer
In 1992, Tandy Radio Shack becomes one of the first companies to release a computer based on the MPC standard with its introduction of the M2500 XL/2 and M4020 SX computers.
Other major computer company firsts
Below is a listing of some of the major computers companies first computers.
Compaq - In March 1983, Compaq released its first computer and the first 100% IBM compatible computer the "Compaq Portable."
Dell - In 1985, Dell introduced its first computer, the "Turbo PC."
Hewlett Packard - In 1966, Hewlett Packard released its first general computer, the "HP-2115."
NEC - In 1958, NEC builds its first computer the "NEAC 1101."
Toshiba - In 1954, Toshiba introduces its first computer, the "TAC" digital computer.

Father of the Computer?


There are hundreds of people who have major contributions to the computer. Below are the primary founding fathers of computing, the computer, and the personal computer we know and use today.
Charles BabbageFather of computing
Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of computing after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in1837. The Analytical Engine contained anArithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow control, and integrated memoryand is the first general-purpose computer concept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues this computer was never built while Charles Babbage's was alive.
However, in 1910 Henry Babbage, Charles Babbage's youngest son was able to complete a portion of this machine and was able to perform basic calculations. In addition, in 1991, the London Science Museum completed a working version of the Analytical Engine No 2, which incorporated his refinements Babbage discovered during his initial development of the Analytical Engine.
Although Babbage never completed his invention in his life time, his radical ideas and concepts of the computer are what make him the father of computing.
Konrad ZuseFather of the computer
There are several people who could be considered as the father of the computer including Alan Turing, John Atanasoff, and John von Neumann. However, for the purpose of this document we're going to be consideringKonrad Zuse as the father of the computer with his development of the Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 computers.
In 1936 to 1938 Konrad Zuse created Z1 in his parents living room, this computer consisted of over 30,000 metal parts and is considered to be the first electro-mechanical binary programmable computer. Later in 1939, the German military commissioned Zuse to build the Z2, which was largely based on the Z1. Later, he completed the Z3 in May of 1941, the Z3 was a revolutionary computer for its time and is considered the first electromechanical and program-controlled computer. Finally, on July 12, 1950 Zuse completed and shipped the Z4 computer, which is considered to be the first commercial computer.
Ed RobertsFather of the personal computer
Henry Edward Robertscoined the term "personal computer" and is considered to be the father of personal computers after he released of theAltair 8800 on December 19, 1974. It was later published on the front cover of Popular Electronics in 1975 making it almost instantly a huge success. The computer was available as a kit for $439 or assembled for $621 and had several additional add-ons such as a memory board and interface boards. By August 1975 over 5,000 Altair 8800 personal computers were sold and started the personal computer revolution.

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